These results, in conjunction with future clinical studies, can provide the basis for optimizing clinical whitening parameters and ultimately control peroxide reactivity to enhance bleaching efficacy while minimizing undesired side-effects. A final evaluation of the activation parameters on teeth treated with commercially used gel peroxides revealed positive catalytic activity for heat alone. When the same conditions were applied to bleaching stained bovine teeth using liquid peroxide, only 35☌ heat treatment showed catalytic effect, increasing overall luminosity and decreasing yellowness. Over-the-counter products Tooth-whitening products and kits bought over the counter on the internet can legally only contain up to 0.1 per cent hydrogen peroxide.
#Hydrogen peroxide teeth whitening professional#
By first using a model chemical stain, alkaline pH levels (7.4), 35☌ heat treatment, and 490nm light activation were optimal for increasing overall bleaching efficacy. Using a unique PAP (phthalimide peroxy caproic acid) formula, the DrDent Professional LED Teeth Whitening Kit is far gentler on the tooth enamel compared to hydrogen peroxide. For each cycle of use, first use is by a dental practitioner or under their direct supervision by a dental hygienist or dental therapist. This ratio makes it easy to calculate the hydrogen peroxide content of a gel. The simplified BI might be useful in communications between clinician and patient. Carbamide peroxide, on the other hand, releases about 50 of its whitening power in the first two hours and can remain active for up to six additional hours. At-home systems contain from 3 to 20 peroxide (carbamide or hydrogen peroxides). A clinically significant whitening effect was obtained within the first few bleaching treatments. Both tooth -whitening options use peroxide-based bleaching agents. This study uses three model systems to determine the effects of heat, light, metal catalysts, and pH on peroxide bleaching. In simple terms, carbamide peroxide contains 1/3 hydrogen peroxide. Bleaching gels containing carbamide peroxide from 10 up to 40 or hydrogen peroxide at 40 effectively whitened enamel. Carbamide peroxide (CH6N2O3), also known as urea.
The wide range of possible activators and stains are challenging in creating a standardized tooth model to isolate various effects for clinical applications. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a powerful bleaching agent that rapidly penetrates tooth enamel to lift stains. However, limited quantitative analyses examine reactivity of hydrogen peroxide on in vivo tooth stains under various catalytic settings. Clinical parameters for dental whitening such as peroxide concentration and treatment time have been empirically derived.
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